Rarraba Carbon da Aka Kunna da Manyan Aikace-aikace
Gabatarwa
Carbon mai aiki wani nau'in carbon ne mai ramuka masu yawa tare da babban yanki na saman, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mai kyau ga gurɓatattun abubuwa daban-daban. Ikonsa na kama datti ya haifar da amfani da shi sosai a aikace-aikacen muhalli, masana'antu, da na likitanci. Wannan labarin ya bincika rarrabuwarsa da mahimman amfaninsa dalla-dalla.
Hanyoyin Samarwa
Ana yin carbon mai aiki daga abubuwa masu ɗauke da carbon kamar harsashin kwakwa, itace, da kwal, ta hanyoyi guda biyu:
- Carbonization– Dumama kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin yanayi mara iskar oxygen don cire mahaɗan da ke canzawa.
- Kunnawa- Inganta porosity ta hanyar:
Kunna jiki(ta amfani da tururi ko CO₂)
Kunna sinadarai(ta amfani da acid ko tushe kamar phosphoric acid ko potassium hydroxide)
Zaɓin kayan aiki da hanyar kunnawa yana ƙayyade halayen ƙarshe na carbon.
Rarraba Carbon Mai Aiki
Ana iya rarraba carbon mai kunnawa bisa ga waɗannan ka'idoji:
1. Tsarin Jiki
- Carbon da aka kunna foda (PAC)– Ƙwayoyin halitta masu laushi (<0.18 mm) da ake amfani da su wajen magance matsalar ruwa, kamar tsarkake ruwa da kuma canza launinsa.
- Carbon da Aka Kunna a Girma (GAC)– Manyan granules (0.2–5 mm) da ake amfani da su a tsarin tace iskar gas da ruwa.
- Carbon da aka kunna da pelletized– Kwalayen silinda masu matsewa don amfani da iska da tururi.
Fiber ɗin Carbon da aka kunna (ACF)- Zane ko siffar ji, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin abin rufe fuska na musamman na gas da kuma dawo da sinadarai masu narkewa.
- 2. Tushen Kayan Aiki
- Tushen Kwakwa- Babban microporosity, wanda ya dace da shaƙar iskar gas (misali, na'urorin numfashi, dawo da zinare).
- An Gina Itace– Manyan ramuka, galibi ana amfani da su wajen canza launin ruwa kamar syrups na sukari.
- Tushen Kwal– Mai sauƙin amfani, ana amfani da shi sosai a fannin sarrafa iska da ruwa a masana'antu.3. Girman rami
- Ƙananan ramuka (<2 nm)- Yana da tasiri ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta (misali, ajiyar iskar gas, cire VOC).
- Mesoporous (2–50 nm)– Ana amfani da shi wajen haɗa manyan ƙwayoyin halitta (misali, cire fenti).
- Babban rami (>50 nm)– Yana aiki a matsayin matattarar ruwa kafin a tace shi don hana toshewar ruwan magani.
- Tsarkakewar Ruwan Sha– Yana cire sinadarin chlorine, gurɓatattun abubuwa na halitta, da kuma ƙamshi mara kyau.
- Maganin Ruwa Mai Tsabta– Yana tace fitar da hayakin masana'antu, magunguna, da ƙarfe masu nauyi (misali, mercury, gubar).
- Tace akwatin kifaye– Yana kula da tsaftataccen ruwa ta hanyar shanye guba.2. Tsarkakewar Iska da Iska
- Matatun Iska na Cikin Gida- Yana kama da sinadarai masu canzawa (VOCs), hayaki, da ƙamshi.
- Tsaftace Iskar Gas na Masana'antu– Yana cire gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) daga hayakin matatar mai.
- Aikace-aikacen Motoci- Ana amfani da shi a cikin matatun iska na ɗakin mota da tsarin dawo da tururin mai.3. Amfani da Magunguna da Likitanci
- Maganin Guba da Yawan Sha– Maganin gaggawa don yawan shan ƙwayoyi (misali, allunan gawayi da aka kunna).
- Madaurin Rauni– Zaren carbon da aka kunna yana hana kamuwa da cuta.4. Masana'antar Abinci da Abin Sha
- Canza launin fata- Yana ƙara sukari, man kayan lambu, da abubuwan sha masu maye.
- Inganta dandano– Yana kawar da dandanon da ba a so a cikin ruwan sha da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.5. Amfani da Masana'antu da Musamman
- Maido da Zinare– Yana cire zinare daga ruwan cyanide a fannin hakar ma'adinai.
- Sake Amfani da Maganin Ƙarfi- Yana dawo da sinadarin acetone, benzene, da sauran sinadarai.
- Ajiyar Mai– Yana adana methane da hydrogen a cikin amfani da makamashi.
Kammalawa
Carbon mai aiki abu ne mai amfani da yawa wanda ke da muhimmiyar rawa a fannin kare muhalli, kiwon lafiya, da kuma tsarin masana'antu. Ingancinsa ya dogara ne da siffarsa, tushensa, da kuma tsarin ramuka. Ci gaban da ake samu a nan gaba yana da nufin inganta dorewarsa, kamar samar da shi daga sharar gona ko haɓaka dabarun sake farfaɗowa.
Yayin da ƙalubalen duniya kamar ƙarancin ruwa da gurɓatar iska ke ƙaruwa, gurɓatar iskar carbon da aka kunna za ta ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa. Aikace-aikacen da za a yi nan gaba na iya faɗaɗa zuwa fannoni masu tasowa kamar kama gurɓatar iska don rage sauyin yanayi ko kuma tsarin tacewa na zamani don cire ƙwayoyin cuta.
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