Rarraba Carbon Mai Kunnawa da Maɓallin Aikace-aikace
Gabatarwa
Carbon da aka kunna wani nau'i ne mai raɗaɗi mai ƙarfi na carbon tare da babban yanki, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan abin talla don gurɓata daban-daban. Ƙarfinsa na kama ƙazanta ya haifar da amfani da yawa a cikin muhalli, masana'antu, da aikace-aikacen likita. Wannan labarin yana bincika rarrabuwar sa da mahimman amfaninsa daki-daki.
Hanyoyin samarwa
Carbon da aka kunna ana yin ta ne daga abubuwa masu wadatar carbon kamar bawon kwakwa, itace, kwal, ta hanyar manyan matakai guda biyu:
- Carbonization- Dumama albarkatun ƙasa a cikin yanayin da ba shi da iskar oxygen don cire mahaɗan maras tabbas.
- Kunnawa- Inganta porosity ta hanyar:
Kunna jiki(ta amfani da tururi ko CO₂)
Kunna sinadarai(amfani da acid ko tushe kamar phosphoric acid ko potassium hydroxide)
Zaɓin abu da hanyar kunnawa yana ƙayyade kaddarorin ƙarshe na carbon.
Rarraba Carbon Mai Kunnawa
Ana iya rarraba carbon da aka kunna bisa:
1. Siffar Jiki
- Carbon Kunna Powdered (PAC)- Fine barbashi (<0.18 mm) amfani da ruwa-lokaci jiyya, kamar ruwa tsarkakewa da decolorization.
- Carbon Mai Kunna Granular (GAC)- Manyan granules (0.2-5 mm) da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin tace gas da ruwa.
- Carbon Da Aka Kunna Pelletized- Matsi cylindrical pellets don aikace-aikacen iska da tururi-lokaci.
Kunna Fiber Carbon (ACF)- Tufafi ko nau'in ji, ana amfani da shi a cikin masakun gas na musamman da dawo da sauran ƙarfi.
- 2. Tushen Material
- Kwakwa Shell-Based- High microporosity, manufa domin gas adsorption (misali, respirators, zinariya dawo da).
- Bisa Itace– Manyan pores, galibi ana amfani da su wajen canza launin ruwa kamar syrups na sukari.
- Tushen Kwal- Mai tsada, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin iska na masana'antu da kula da ruwa.
3. Girman Pore
- Microporous (<2 nm)- Mai tasiri ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (misali, ajiyar gas, cire VOC).
- Mesoporous (2-50 nm)– An yi amfani da shi wajen tallan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta mafi girma (misali, cire rini).
- Macroporous (> 50 nm)- Yana aiki azaman mai tacewa don hana toshewa a cikin jiyya na ruwa.
- Tsarkake Ruwan Sha– Yana kawar da sinadarin chlorine, gurbacewar halitta, da wari mara kyau.
- Maganin Ruwan Ruwa- Tace dattin masana'antu, magunguna, da karafa masu nauyi (misali, mercury, gubar).
- Tace Aquarium– Yana kula da tsaftataccen ruwa ta hanyar sanya guba.
2. Tsabtace Iska & Gas
- Filters na cikin gida- Tarko madaidaicin mahadi (VOCs), hayaki, da wari.
- Tsaftace Gas na Masana'antu- Yana kawar da gurɓataccen abu kamar hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) daga hayakin matatar.
- Aikace-aikacen Mota- Ana amfani dashi a cikin matatun iska na gida da kuma tsarin dawo da tururin mai.
3. Amfanin Likita & Magunguna
- Maganin Guba & Yawan wuce gona da iri– Maganin gaggawa don wuce gona da iri (misali, allunan gawayi da aka kunna).
- Tufafin Rauni- Filayen carbon da ke kunna ƙwayoyin cuta suna hana kamuwa da cuta.
4. Masana'antar Abinci & Abin Sha
- Decolorization- Yana tace sukari, mai da kayan lambu, da abubuwan sha.
- Haɓaka ɗanɗano- Yana kawar da abubuwan da ba a so a cikin ruwan sha da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
5. Masana'antu & Amfanin Musamman
- Farfadowar Zinariya- Yana fitar da zinari daga maganin cyanide a cikin ma'adinai.
- Maimaita Soyayya- Yana dawo da acetone, benzene, da sauran sinadarai.
- Adana Gas- Adana methane da hydrogen a aikace-aikacen makamashi.
Kammalawa
Carbon da aka kunna abu ne mai ma'ana tare da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kariyar muhalli, kiwon lafiya, da hanyoyin masana'antu. Amfanin sa ya dogara da nau'in sa, kayan tushe, da tsarin pore. Ci gaban gaba yana nufin haɓaka dorewarsa, kamar samar da shi daga sharar aikin gona ko haɓaka dabarun haɓakawa.
Yayin da kalubalen duniya kamar karancin ruwa da gurbacewar iska ke karuwa, carbon da aka kunna zai ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa. Aikace-aikace na gaba na iya faɗaɗa cikin filaye masu tasowa kamar kama carbon don rage sauyin yanayi ko tsarin tacewa na ci gaba don cire microplastic.
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