Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfe na Ƙarfe Ta Amfani da Gyaran Halitta

Carbon da aka kunna ya ƙunshi kayan carbonaceous da aka samu daga gawayi. Ana samar da carbon da aka kunna ta hanyar pyrolysis na kayan halitta na asalin shuka. Wadannan kayan sun hada da gawayi, bawon kwakwa da itace.jakar rake,waken soyada kuma a takaice (Dias et al., 2007; Paraskeva et al., 2008). A kan iyakataccen ma'auni,taki na dabbaHakanan ana amfani dashi don samar da carbon da aka kunna. Amfani da carbon da aka kunna ya zama ruwan dare don cire karafa daga ruwan sharar gida, amma amfani da shi don hana motsin ƙarfe ba ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ƙasa mai gurbata (Gerçel da Gerçel, 2007; Lima da Marshall, 2005b). Carbon da aka kunna takin kaji da aka samu yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin ɗaurin ƙarfe (Lima da Marshall, 2005a). Ana amfani da carbon da aka kunna sau da yawa don gyara gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ƙasa a cikin ƙasa da ruwa saboda tsari mai ƙarfi, babban yanki da ƙarfin talla mai girma (Üçer et al., 2006). Carbon da aka kunna yana cire karafa (Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Cr) daga bayani ta hanyar hazo kamar karfe hydroxide, adsorption akan carbon da aka kunna (Lyubchik et al., 2004). Almond husk da aka samu AC da kyau ya cire Ni daga sharar gida tare da kuma ba tare da H₂SO₄magani (Hasar, 2003).

Kwanan nan, an yi amfani da biochar azaman gyaran ƙasa saboda tasirin sa mai fa'ida akan kaddarorin ƙasa na zahiri da sinadarai (Beesley et al., 2010). Biochar ya ƙunshi babban abun ciki (har zuwa 90%) dangane da kayan iyaye (Chan da Xu, 2009). Bugu da kari na biochar yana inganta adsorption na narkar da kwayoyin carbon,kasa pH, yana rage karafa a cikin leachates da kuma ƙarin kayan abinci na macro (Novak et al., 2009; Pietikäinen et al., 2000). Dogon lokaci na biochar a cikin ƙasa yana rage shigar da karafa ta hanyar maimaita aikace-aikacen wasu gyare-gyare (Lehmann da Joseph, 2009). Beesley et al. (2010) ya kammala cewa biochar ya rage ruwa mai narkewa Cd da Zn a cikin ƙasa saboda karuwa a cikin kwayoyin carbon da pH. Carbon da aka kunna ya rage yawan tattara ƙarfe (Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn) a cikin harbe-harbe na shuke-shuken masara da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa mara kyau idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa da ba a gyara ba (Sabir et al., 2013). Biochar ya rage yawan adadin Cd da Zn mai narkewa a cikin ƙasa mai gurbataccen yanayi (Beesley da Marmiroli, 2011). Sun kammala cewa sorption wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci don riƙe karafa ta ƙasa. Biochar ya rage maida hankali na Cd da Zn zuwa raguwar 300- da 45-ninka a cikin magudanar ruwa, bi da bi (Beesley da Marmiroli, 2011).