Gyaran Ƙasa Mai Gurɓataccen Karfe Ta Amfani da Gyaran Halittu

Carbon da aka kunna yana dauke da sinadarin carbon da aka samo daga gawayi. Carbon da aka kunna ana samar da shi ta hanyar pyrolysis na kayan halitta na asalin shuka. Waɗannan kayan sun haɗa da kwal, harsashin kwakwa da itace,bagas ɗin rake,ƙwanƙolin waken soyada kuma taƙaitaccen bayani (Dias et al., 2007; Paraskeva et al., 2008). A kan iyakataccen sikelin,takin dabbobiAna kuma amfani da shi don samar da carbon mai kunnawa. Amfani da carbon mai kunnawa abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi don cire ƙarfe daga ruwan sharar gida, amma amfani da shi don hana ƙarfe motsi ba abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi ba a cikin ƙasa mai gurɓata (Gerçel da Gerçel, 2007; Lima da Marshall, 2005b). Carbon mai kunnawa da aka samo daga takin kaji yana da ƙarfin ɗaure ƙarfe mai kyau (Lima da Marshall, 2005a). Ana amfani da carbon mai kunnawa sau da yawa don gyara gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ƙasa da ruwa saboda tsarin ramuka, babban yanki na saman da ƙarfin sharar gida mai yawa (Üçer et al., 2006). Carbon mai kunnawa yana cire ƙarfe (Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Cr) daga mafita ta hanyar hazo kamar ƙarfe hydroxide, shaƙar carbon mai kunnawa (Lyubchik et al., 2004). AC da aka samo daga almond ya cire Ni daga ruwan sharar gida yadda ya kamata tare da kuma ba tare da H ba.₂SO₄magani (Hasar, 2003).

Kwanan nan, an yi amfani da biochar a matsayin gyaran ƙasa saboda amfanin da yake da shi ga halaye daban-daban na zahiri da na sinadarai na ƙasa (Beesley et al., 2010). Biochar ya ƙunshi babban abun ciki (har zuwa 90%) dangane da kayan da aka haɗa (Chan da Xu, 2009). Ƙara biochar yana inganta shaƙar carbon na halitta da aka narkar,pH na ƙasa, yana rage ƙarfe a cikin leachates kuma yana ƙara yawan abubuwan gina jiki (Novak et al., 2009; Pietikäinen et al., 2000). Dorewa na dogon lokaci na biochar a cikin ƙasa yana rage shigar ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wasu gyare-gyare akai-akai (Lehmann da Joseph, 2009). Beesley et al. (2010) sun kammala da cewa biochar yana rage Cd da Zn mai narkewa a cikin ruwa a cikin ƙasa saboda ƙaruwar carbon da pH na halitta. Carbon da aka kunna ya rage yawan ƙarfe (Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn) a cikin harbe-harben shuke-shuken masara da aka noma a cikin ƙasa mai gurɓatawa idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa mara gyara (Sabir et al., 2013). Biochar ya rage yawan Cd da Zn mai narkewa a cikin ƙasa mai gurɓatawa (Beesley da Marmiroli, 2011). Sun kammala da cewa sorption muhimmin hanya ce don riƙe ƙarfe ta ƙasa. Biochar ya rage yawan sinadarin Cd da Zn zuwa raguwar yawan sinadarin leachate sau 300 da 45, bi da bi (Beesley da Marmiroli, 2011).