Polyacrylamide: Polymer Mai Aiki Da Yawa a Masana'antar Zamani
Polyacrylamide (PAM), wani nau'in polymer ne mai ruwa-mai narkewa mai tsayi wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu. Polymer ne da aka samo daga monomers na acrylamide, kuma a fannin masana'antu, polymers da ke ɗauke da fiye da kashi 50% na acrylamide monomer ana kiransu polyacrylamide.
Ana iya rarraba PAM zuwa nau'ikan da ba na ionic ba, anionic, cationic, da amphoteric bisa ga halayen ionic ɗinsa. PAM mara ionic ba shi da ƙungiyoyin ionizable a cikin sarkar kwayoyin halittarsa, PAM anionic yana da ƙungiyoyin charged negative, PAM cationic yana da ƙungiyoyin charged positive, kuma PAM amphoteric yana da ƙungiyoyin charged negative da positive.
Hanyoyin samar da PAM sun haɗa da polymerization na ruwan sha, polymerization na emulsion na baya, da polymerization na radiation da aka fara. Polymerization na ruwan sha shine mafi tsufa kuma mafi amfani saboda aminci da ƙarancin farashi. Polymerization na emulsion na baya an fi son shi don aikace-aikacen aiki mai girma, kuma polymerization na radiation da aka fara shine wata hanya mai tasowa wadda zata iya samar da PAM a yanayin zafi na yanayi ba tare da masu fara sinadarai ba.
PAMyana da kyawawan halaye na zahiri da na sinadarai. Yana da ruwa mai kyau - yana narkewa kuma ana iya narkar da shi a cikin ruwan sanyi don samar da ruwan da ke da ƙazanta. Sarkokinsa masu nauyi na kwayoyin halitta na iya samar da "gadaje" tsakanin ƙwayoyin da ke sha, wanda ke ba da damar flocculation da sediment na ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, PAM yana da kaddarorin kauri, mannewa, da rage jan hankali.
Dangane da aikace-aikace, ana amfani da PAM sosai a fannin tace ruwa, hakar mai, yin takarda, da sauran masana'antu. A fannin tace ruwa, ana iya amfani da shi azaman flocculant don yin aiki tare da coagulants kamar PAC don fayyace najasa na birni, ruwan sharar masana'antu, da ruwan wanke-wanke na kwal. A fannin man fetur, ana amfani da shi azaman maganin ambaliya don inganta dawo da mai. A fannin yin takarda, yana iya inganta yawan riƙe abubuwan cikawa da launuka da kuma ƙara ƙarfin takarda.
Duk da haka, lokacin amfani da PAM, ya kamata a ɗauki wasu matakan kariya. Misali, ya kamata a narkar da shi a cikin ruwa mai tsafta, kuma saurin juyawa bai kamata ya yi sauri sosai don hana sarkar kwayoyin halitta karyewa ba. Ya kamata a ƙayyade yawan da za a ɗauka ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen ƙananan matakai, saboda yawan amfani da shi zai sa ruwan ya yi kauri kuma ya shafi narkewar ƙasa.
Gabaɗaya, PAM wani nau'in polymer ne mai amfani da yawa kuma mai mahimmanci. Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka masana'antu, damar amfani da shi zai faɗaɗa, amma a lokaci guda, ya kamata mu kuma kula da amfaninsa lafiya da tasirinsa ga muhalli.
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